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The Mass or Eucharist is the central act of worship in the Catholic Church,〔(John Hardon, ''Modern Catholic Dictionary'' )〕 which describes it as "the source and summit of the Christian life".〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1324 )〕 Many of the Catholic Church's other sacraments are celebrated in the framework of the Eucharist. The term "Mass" is generally used only of Latin Church celebrations of the Eucharist, while the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, and the various Eastern Catholic Churches use terms such as "Divine Liturgy", "Holy Qurbana", and "Badarak",〔(''The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization'', "Badarak (Patarag)" )〕 in accordance with each one's tradition. The term "Mass" is derived from the Late Latin word ''missa'' (dismissal), a word used in the concluding formula of Mass in Latin: ''"Ite, missa est"'' ("Go; it is the dismissal").〔''Missa'' here is a Late Latin substantive corresponding to the word ''missio'' in classical Latin.〕 "In antiquity, ''missa'' simply meant 'dismissal'. In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a deeper meaning. The word 'dismissal' has come to imply a 'mission'. These few words succinctly express the missionary nature of the Church" 〔(Pope Benedict XVI, ''Sacramentum caritatis'', 51 )〕 For information on the theology of the Eucharist and on the Eucharistic liturgy of other Christian denominations, see "Mass (liturgy)", "Eucharist" and "Eucharistic theology". For information on the history and of development of the Mass see Eucharist and Origin of the Eucharist. ==Overview== (詳細はCouncil of Trent reaffirmed traditional Christian teaching that the Mass is the same Sacrifice of Calvary offered in an unbloody manner: "The victim is one and the same: the same now offers through the ministry of priests, who then offered himself on the cross; only the manner of offering is different ... And since in this divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the Mass, the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross is contained and offered in an unbloody manner... this sacrifice is truly propitiatory." 〔''Doctrina de ss. Missae sacrificio'', c. 2, quoted in (Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 1367 )〕 The Council declared that Jesus instituted the Mass at his Last Supper: "He offered up to God the Father His own body and blood under the species of bread and wine; and, under the symbols of those same things, He delivered (His own body and blood) to be received by His apostles, whom He then constituted priests of the New Testament; and by those words, Do this in commemoration of me, He commanded them and their successors in the priesthood, to offer (them); even as the Catholic Church has always understood and taught."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct22.html )〕 The Catholic Church sees the Mass as the most perfect way it has to offer latria (adoration) to God. The Church believes that "The other sacraments, and indeed all ecclesiastical ministries and works of the apostolate, are bound up with the Eucharist and are oriented toward it."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a3.htm#I )〕 It is also Catholic belief that in objective reality, not merely symbolically, the wheaten bread and grape wine are converted into Christ's body and blood, a conversion referred to as transubstantiation, so that the whole Christ, body and blood, soul and divinity, is truly, really, and substantially contained in the sacrament of the Eucharist, though the empirical appearances of the bread and wine remain the same.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a3.htm#V )〕〔(Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Transubstantiation" )〕 In its official declarations, the Catholic Church does not use the term "accidents", associated with Aristotelian philosophy, but instead speaks of the "appearances" (in Latin, ''species'')〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct22.html )〕 and, as shown for instance in the Latin text of the Nicene Creed, in which the Son is said to have the same ''substantia'' as the Father, the word "substance" was in ecclesiastical use for many centuries before Aristotelian philosophy was adopted in the West.〔(Charles Davis: ''The Theology of Transubstantiation'' in ''Sophia'', Vol. 3, No. 1 / April 1964 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mass (Catholic Church)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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